"Anou" (あのう) functions as a polite attention-getter in Japanese communication. It serves as a verbal cue that signals your intention to begin speaking or to ask a question, particularly when addressing someone.

Think of "anou" as similar to saying "excuse me" or "um" in English, but with a more formalized social function. When you use "anou," you're acknowledging that you're about to make a request for someone's attention in a culturally appropriate way.

In the example provided:

"Anou, Yamada-san wa gakusei desu ka." (あのう、やまださんはがくせいですか。)

The speaker begins with "anou" to politely capture Yamada's attention before asking if they are a student. This creates a softer approach than directly launching into the question without any preliminary signal.

The response follows standard Japanese conversational patterns:

"Hai, gakusei desu." (はい、がくせいです。)

This conversational structure—beginning with a gentle attention-getter—exemplifies how Japanese communication often prioritizes social harmony and politeness in interpersonal exchanges.

"Anou" is particularly valuable when speaking with someone you don't know well, when interrupting someone, or when beginning a conversation in formal settings. The word helps establish the proper tone for the interaction that follows.